International Patent Harmonization and Trade Balance of Patent Rights
نویسنده
چکیده
The economic implications of international patent harmonization have attracted little empirical scrutiny. Based on patent application and renewal data in major European countries since the early 1980s, this paper examines the empirical relationship between international patenting, R&D, and “trade flows” of patent rights across national borders. The analysis reveals a substantial patent “trade imbalance” among European countries. Difference among individual countries’ ability in rent appropriation through international patent harmonization is primarily related to countrywise differences in R&D intensity and efficiency, as well as institutional differences in enforcing patent rights. JEL Classifications: O31, O34, O38 ∗Special thanks go to Samuel Kortum, Daniel Johnson, Dietmar Harhoff, Carlos Serrano, and participants at the Innovation Policy and the Economy workshop at the 2008 NBER Summer Institute, the 14th International Conference on Computing in Economics and Finance, the 3rd Center for European Economic Research Conference on the Economics of Innovation and Patenting, the Econometric Society 2006 Far Eastern Meeting and the 2006 International Industrial Organization Annual Conference. †Department of Economics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, U.S.A.; Email: [email protected].
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